Brief analysis of the basic principle of waste plastic thermal decomposition technology

The basic principle of the thermal decomposition technology is to decompose the original resin polymer in the waste plastic product into a relatively complete macromolecular chain, and return it to a low molar mass state, thereby obtaining a product with high use value. The thermal decomposition mechanism and thermal decomposition products of different varieties of plastics are different. The thermal decomposition of PE and PP is mainly in the form of random chain breakage. There is almost no corresponding monomer in the thermal decomposition products. Thermal decomposition is accompanied by depolymerization and random chain scission reaction. Some styrene monomers are included in the thermal decomposition products. The thermal decomposition of PVC first removes hydrogen chloride and then breaks at a higher temperature to form a hydrocarbon compound.

The thermal decomposition process of waste plastics can be divided into pyrolysis and catalytic low temperature decomposition. The former is generally carried out at a high temperature of 600 to 900 ° C, and the latter is carried out at a lower temperature of less than 450 ° C or even 300 ° C. different. The reactors used for thermal decomposition of waste plastics are: tower, furnace, tank, tube furnace, fluidized bed and extruder. This technology is a more thorough recycling technology for waste plastics. The method for recovering the feedstock oil by pyrolysis has a large investment in equipment, high recovery cost, and coking phenomenon in the reaction process, thereby limiting its application. The catalytic low temperature decomposition is active because of the reaction at a relatively low temperature, and some progress has been made.

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