With the development of the times, China's manufacturing industry continues to develop at a high speed. The current total is second only to the United States and Japan, ranking third in the world. In the course of development, it has gradually accelerated the pace of international integration, using a large number of CNC efficient machine tools and advanced Cutting tools have significantly improved production and processing technology and production efficiency. Some advanced manufacturing industries, such as the automotive industry, have introduced a large number of modern advanced production technologies, power station equipment manufacturing, aerospace manufacturing, large-scale and high-precision mold manufacturing, through the introduction of technology and independent development, using advanced cutting technology and efficient cutting tools, effectively improved Processing technology and labor productivity have increased the competitiveness of enterprises.
China's manufacturing industry is "big but not strong", and many companies' manufacturing technology is not high, which seriously restricts the further development of China's manufacturing industry. So far, the understanding of using modern cutting technology and high-efficiency advanced cutting tools to improve production efficiency and reduce costs in the machinery industry is still insufficient. Therefore, in China, the development of modern cutting technology and high-efficiency advanced cutting tools is still very unbalanced. Many enterprises still only Pay attention to relying on cheap labor to reduce costs, but not to increase production efficiency by improving processing technology. In recent years, China's machine tool production has developed rapidly. The number of machine tools in the manufacturing industry is far ahead in the world, ranking first, but the tool industry is far behind. Advanced high-efficiency machine tools are not equipped with high-efficiency advanced tools, and still use traditional standard tools. The cutting technology is backward, so that the processing efficiency of high-efficiency machine tools is not exerted, which seriously affects the improvement of production efficiency and restricts the modernization of manufacturing.
The development of cutting technology and tool industry in China is constrained. The reason is that the use of tools in enterprises is stuck in the traditional concept of backwardness, that is, using cheap tools to control costs, rather than using high-efficiency tools to improve processing efficiency to reduce costs. Many companies have spent a lot of money to buy CNC high-efficiency machine tools, but they are reluctant to spend a lot of money to buy advanced and efficient tools, resulting in backward cutting technology and low processing efficiency. In fact, it saves a small amount of money, but it wastes expensive machine tool hours. .
Modern cutting technology and highly efficient advanced cutting tools are among the most important and active factors in manufacturing to increase production efficiency. In developed countries, the use of high-efficiency and advanced tools is used in large quantities, and the average tool cost accounts for about 4% of the manufacturing cost. However, due to the use of cheap traditional tools, the average tool cost in China is less than 3% of the manufacturing cost, resulting in the production of China's machinery industry. The efficiency is far lower than abroad. According to statistics, the use of high-efficiency advanced tools, tool costs may increase by 50% or more, will increase the cost of parts by about 1%, but efficient and advanced tools can significantly improve the efficiency of cutting, it is possible to reduce the cost of parts production by 10% to 15 %, so the economic benefits of using highly efficient and advanced tools are extremely significant.
The use of modern cutting technology is extremely effective in improving the efficiency of machining. For example, in the current aviation industry, a new type of aluminum alloy monolithic thin-walled member is used instead of the original welded and riveted assembled components. The processing of these aluminum alloy thin-walled members requires milling a large amount of metal, and the high-speed cutting new process is used to improve the processing efficiency. Multiple times. When Harbin Steam Turbine Works produced the first 600,000 kW supercritical steam turbine in China, it processed large diameter deep holes on high alloy steel and used a new type of drill from Kennametal to shorten the working hours for processing one hole from 6.7 hours to 0.5. Hours solved the key issues of production. When machining high-strength oil pipe threads, the original three-tooth comb was used for turning. Later, a new three-tooth comb process was developed to improve the machining efficiency.
In the high-speed machining center, the new "circumferential spiral milling" is used to realize the drilling, milling, chamfering and grooving of the conventional composite tool, which expands the use range of the composite tool and greatly improves the processing efficiency. This new screw hole drilling and milling technology has been applied to the screw hole machining on the engine cylinder head and gearbox body. When machining the M6 ​​screw hole with a depth of 14.1mm on the engine cylinder head, the spindle speed is 20000r/min, and the feed is used. The amount of 700mm / min, processing a screw hole only takes 1.2 seconds. When machining the aluminum alloy gearbox with the boss and the M24×1.5 screw hole with the upper and lower chamfers, 7 traditional tools and 7 machining steps were used. The German Jel Precision Tool Company recommended a brazing machine. The screw hole drilling and milling compound tool of the polycrystalline diamond blade automatically completes the machining in sequence at a spindle speed of 20000r/min, and the entire machining time takes only 4 seconds.
The use of new material tools has greatly improved the cutting efficiency. The high cobalt high vanadium high performance high speed steel tool can be 1.5 to 3 times more durable than ordinary high speed steel. The strength of powder metallurgy high-speed steel can be increased by 20% to 30%, the toughness is increased by 1.5 to 2 times, and the reliability is obviously higher than that of ordinary high-speed steel. The small drill bit made of powder metallurgy high-speed steel has been widely used in foreign processing centers. Taps and milling cutters, etc., are still rarely used in China. In recent years, foreign countries have developed a variety of new components, new grades of cemented carbide, developed high-strength and high-toughness 0.5 ~ 1μm ultra-fine particles of hard alloy, developed a variety of new coated hard alloys, making hard alloys The cutting performance has been significantly improved, replacing some of the more complex tools that were previously only possible with high speed steel. Superhard material tools such as ceramics, cubic boron nitride and polycrystalline diamond are widely used in foreign countries. The cutting speed can be several times higher than that of hard alloys, which greatly improves the processing efficiency. In Germany, about 70% of castings are processed with ceramic tools. The annual consumption of Japanese ceramic knives has accounted for 8% to 10% of the total number of tools, while China's super-hard materials tools are still used very little.
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