The main elements required for potted flowers are the “three elements†of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, followed by calcium, iron, sulfur, magnesium, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, among which carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It can be obtained from water and air, and the rest of the elements need to be absorbed from the soil. Since its root system can only move in a small soil range, the elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are much needed for cultivation. Soil supply is not enough and needs to be supplemented by fertilization. Therefore, fertilizer is the main source of flower nourishment. The rationality of fertilization directly affects the growth and development of flowers. First, the type of fertilizers Fertilizers are generally divided into two categories of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. 1. Organic fertilizer is usually divided into animal organic fertilizer and vegetable organic fertilizer. Animal organic fertilizers include human excrement, feather horns and bone powder of poultry, and wastes of fish, meat and eggs. Vegetable organic fertilizers include bean cakes and other cake fertilizers, sesame paste residue, weeds, leaves, green manure, Chinese herbal medicine residues, and distiller's grains. Both types of fertilizers are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. They are all late-acting fertilizers, with more nutrients and longer fertilizer efficiency. They must be fully fermented and fermented before use. Fertilizer is easy to damage the roots of flowers. 2. Inorganic fertilizer, commonly known as “fertilizerâ€, is a fertilizer rich in mineral nutrients made by chemical synthesis or processed from natural ore. The fertilizer has high nutrient content, single element, quick fertilizer effect, clean and hygienic, and convenient application, but long-term use is easy to cause soil compaction, and it is best to mix and apply with organic fertilizer, and the effect is better. Inorganic fertilizer is divided into nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizers include urea, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogencarbonate, ammonia water, ammonium chloride, calcium nitrate, etc., which can promote the flourishing effect of flower branches and leaves; phosphate fertilizers have superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, etc., which are mostly used as base fertilizer additives, and the fertilizer efficiency is relatively slow. Dihydrogen potassium and ammonium phosphate are high-concentration quick-acting fertilizers, and contain nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, which can be used as top dressings, which can promote bright colors and fruit hypertrophy; potassium fertilizers include potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, etc. They are all quick-acting fertilizers, which can be applied as top dressing, which can promote the healthy function of flower branches and roots. The fertilizer has a quick fertilizer effect, but the fat is simple; the fat is violent, but not persistent. In addition to phosphate fertilizer, general fertilizers are used for top dressing. The use of chemical fertilizers must be appropriate, the concentration should be controlled at 0.1% -0.3%, not too thick, otherwise it is easy to damage the flower roots. Immediately after application of chemical fertilizer, water should be poured to ensure full utilization of fertilizer efficiency. Second, reasonable fertilization The so-called rational fertilization means paying attention to timely and appropriate amount. The so-called timely refers to the application of flowers when needed. If the leaves of flowers are lightened and the plants grow thin, fertilization is timely. As for when to apply fertilizer, it should be determined according to the different growth stages of flowers. For example, some nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in the seedling stage to promote the rapid and robust growth of seedlings. In the bud stage, more phosphate fertilizer can be applied to promote the growth of large seeds. At the beginning of the fruit setting, the fertilization is properly controlled to facilitate the fruit setting. No matter what period of fertilization, you should pay attention to the right amount. If you apply too much nitrogen fertilizer, it will easily form a long-term; too much potassium fertilizer will hinder fertility and affect the flowering result. 1. Fertilization method When planting flowers in potted plants, first apply base fertilizer at the bottom of the pot. You can put the base fertilizer on the bottom of the potting soil, add a layer of soil on the fertilizer, and then plant the flowers into the pot. Note that the roots should not be placed directly on the fertilizer. on. When topdressing, you can sprinkle dry fat on the surface of the potting soil, then loosen and water. Top dressing can be divided into fertilizer water, sputum fertilizer water, and fat tablets. In the growing season, root dressing can also be carried out. The fertilizer water is applied with soaking liquid such as bean cake, sesame sauce or horseshoe piece and horn, and fermented. The fertilizer water is suitable for flower pots or large potted plants placed in the open air. Fertilizer water refers to the addition of 0.1% ferrous sulfate to the soaked fertilizer water. This fertilizer is suitable for strong acid soil flowers in the south, such as camellia, rhododendron, Milan, jasmine and so on. Fat tablets refer to solid fertilizers prepared with chemical fertilizers. Top dressing, that is, foliar topdressing refers to the spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the top of the flowering seedlings at a concentration of 0.1%, which makes the leaves of the seedlings green and shiny, and prevents flowers from falling and falling. 2, pay attention when fertilizing (1) fertilization should pay attention to the type of flowers. Different types of flowers have different requirements for fertilizers. Such as sweet-scented osmanthus, Camellia, pig manure, avoid human waste; azalea, camellia, medlar and other southern flowers avoid alkaline fertilizer; need to re-cut the annual flower needs to increase the proportion of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, in order to sprout new branches; Leaf-oriented flowers can be applied to nitrogen fertilizers; flowers of large flowers such as chrysanthemums, dahlias, etc., need to apply a proper amount of complete fertilizer during flowering, in order to make all flowers open, beautiful and beautiful; The flower should be properly controlled during the flowering period, and the full fertilizer should be applied in the strong fruit period to achieve the desired effect; the bulb flower, more potassium fertilizer, to enrich the bulb; the fragrant flower, enter the flowering period, more Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers promote the aroma of flowers. (2) Fertilization must be timely and appropriate, as well as the season and time. Generally speaking, the fertilization of flowers is light yellow, and the fertilization is best when the plants are weak; the whole plant fertilizer is applied at the seedling stage, the phosphate fertilizer is mainly used in the flowering period, and the nitrogen fertilizer is the main flower in the foliage. The winter temperature is low, the plant growth is slow, most flowers are in a state of growth stagnation, generally no fertilization; spring and autumn are positive for flower growth, roots, stems, leaves grow, flower buds differentiate, young fruit swells, all need more fertilizer, Appropriate application of some topdressing should be carried out; the summer temperature is high, the water evaporates quickly, and the flower growth period is strong. The concentration of topdressing fertilizer should be small, and the number of times can be more. The specific fertilization time is generally in the evening, no matter the fertilization around noon, because the soil temperature at noon is easy to hurt the root. Generally, we must master the "four more, four less, four no", that is: yellow thin and multiple application, more application before germination, more gestational buds, more after flowering; sturdy and less applied, less germination, less flowering, less rainy season Shi; the disciple does not apply, the new plant does not apply, the summer does not apply, dormancy does not apply. (3) It is necessary to grasp the principle of “thin and hard workâ€, that is, “eat less mealsâ€.
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