According to the report of the Physicist Organization Network on January 11, US researchers have for the first time synthesized electronic crystals with layered 2D structures, thereby bringing this emerging material into the “camp†of nanomaterials. The researchers said that the resultant layered electron crystal is even superior to graphene in its electrical conductivity and is expected to be used in the development of transparent conductors, battery electrodes, electron emission devices, and chemical catalysts. The new study was published in the latest issue of the American Chemical Society.
Electron crystals are ionic compounds composed of positive and negative ions, but their negative "ions" are completely replaced by electrons. These electrons are of small mass and do not stay in a certain fixed position, but are scattered everywhere and occasionally exchange positions with other electrons. It behaves more like electronic gas. This property gives electronic crystals a high degree of electron mobility and rapid electrical conductivity. However, scientists have theoretically speculated that 2D electron crystals are susceptible to chemical reactions with air and water. They can only exist in vacuum and maintain their strong electrical conductivity. Therefore, they are difficult to synthesize in the laboratory.
In the new study, Scott Warren, an associate professor of applied physics and chemistry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, led the team to synthesize 2D single-layer electron crystals with only a few nanometer thicknesses using the dicalcium nitride molecules and also using liquids. The exfoliation technique seeks to allow a large number of nanometer single-layer electron crystals to be suspended in a solution. One of the solvents can even allow the nano-diamond nano-monolayer to remain stable for one month while still maintaining good electrical characteristics. "We have overcome the technical difficulty of transitioning electronic crystals from multi-layer structures to single-layer structures, demonstrating that under the right chemical environment, 2D electronic crystals can maintain their structure and performance for a long time," Warren explained.
The Warren team also demonstrated through experimentation that the new 2D single-layer electronic nanocrystals have electrical conductivity comparable to that of metallic aluminum; the transparency is also very high; the transmittance of the 10 nm-thick dicalcium nitride film reaches 97%; the surface junctions also reach The highest value in existing electronic crystals. The researchers said that these characteristics will lead to the application of new materials in many areas, such as the development of highly transparent conductive film; Warren is also working with Honda Corporation to develop advanced batteries with this new material.
Warren said that they will continue to develop the application potential of electronic crystals and solve various challenges in the practical process, such as finding suitable coatings so that the electronic crystals can remain stable in the air. (Reporter Nie Cuirong)
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