With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the awareness of food quality and safety, pollution-free, selenium-enriched, and nutritional value is getting higher and higher. Selenium-enriched lotus root is widely loved by consumers, sales are getting bigger and bigger, and prices are rising. The benefits are very obvious. Planting lotus roots in the mid-alpine paddy fields in southern Shaanxi, especially the cultivation of selenium-enriched lotus roots, is very popular among consumers. Planting 667m2 lotus root, the output is between 1000 and 1500kg, and the output value is between 8,000 and 12,000 yuan. The yield and value of pollution-free and selenium-rich quality lotus root are higher, and the output can reach 1500-2000kg and the output value is 10000-20000 yuan. High-quality planting of pollution-free and selenium-enriched lotus root has technical requirements in terms of soil conditions, variety selection, planting techniques, field management, and rotation.
1 Soil preparation and fertilization
Choose convenient transportation, soil selenium content above 0.2mg/kg, paddy field with good irrigation and drainage conditions as planting plot, depth of ploughing paddy field 20~30cm, high quality farmyard manure 3000kg per 667m2 (no distiller's grains are allowed in farmyard manure) It is better to apply 5000kg of green manure instead of farmyard manure 10 days before sowing; 100kg of cake fertilizer, 50kg of phosphate fertilizer, 30kg of potash fertilizer, evenly spread in the turned field; with rotary tiller or agricultural flat The field is mashed and flattened and ready to be broadcast. At the same time, apply 300-500kg of selenium fertilizer per 667m2 of the land with low selenium content (so that the soil containing more than 3mg/kg of selenium is sprinkled into the soil with low selenium content to achieve the purpose of selenium supplementation).
2 selection
There are two methods for seed selection: one is to select local fine varieties; there are 3 to 5 knots, and there are 1 or 2 branches in shoots; the characteristics are small product, low yield, good taste, powder, lubrication, and price. High; second, the introduction of excellent varieties; there are 3 to 5 knots, buds have 1 to 2 branches; the characteristics are: large product, high yield, poor taste, low price, easy to degenerate. The economic value of the two experiments is comparable.
3 Planting density and layout
Lotus root planting is the best with a plant spacing of 1.5 meters and a row spacing of 2 meters. The planting layout adopts the south direction. The lotus root seed head ends to the south, and is planted in a wrong way (also known as plum blossom). When planting the southernmost row, the lotus seed will be planted. north. This not only achieves a reasonable layout, but also increases the density, which can effectively increase the output.
4 planting time and depth
The planting time of lotus root is from late March to early April. The ground temperature is stable when it is sown at 10-20 °C. The lotus root seed is placed in a good field and covered with mud (15-20 cm).
5 Daejeon Management
(1) Tube water and seedling inspection: Within 45 days after planting lotus root, it is necessary to ensure that the water level in the paddy field is moderate. Generally, the water depth is 10~15cm. When the water level is too low, it should be timely replenished. During this period, it should be observed whether the lotus plant is floating. ], or rot, if floating, it should be fixed with mud in time, and the rotted lotus should be treated and replanted in time. After the summer, the temperature rises and the evaporation is large. It is also the long-term lotus root. The water depth is 20~30cm, which can promote the maximum extension of the cockroach and effectively prevent the lodging. After the fall, as the temperature drops, the lotus roots turn into the starch growth period. At this time, the water level should be gradually shallowed. After the end of October, the dry water in the field will be used for mining.
(2) Weeding and pest control: Lotus seedlings are mainly duckweed and ragweed, and duckweed can be removed by drying field after 45 days. Dry the field water on a sunny day and let it dry for 3 to 5 days, so that the duckweed will be fixed on the soil. Manually remove the ragweed and other weeds while drying the field. When pulling the grass, care should be taken to protect the seedlings from damage. Practice has proved that lotus root can not use chemical herbicides, it is easy to rot the lotus root tubers, resulting in reduced production or even no harvest. The common insects of lotus root are mainly aphids and lotus budworms. At the same time as weeding and drying the fields, 667m2 is used to kill the cockroaches 15~40mil for the first time. After 5 days of drying the fields, the fields are filled with water for 667m2500~1000. Kg is mixed with water at the water inlet and placed in the field. It can be used for both fertilizer and insect control. It can be filled to 15cm, so that the effect of removing duckweed can be achieved. The use of biogas slurry to supplement fertilizer, while preventing insects, can also effectively prevent the disease of lotus root.
(3) Excavation and seed retention: After the end of October, the lotus roots are mature and can be mined and sold. When mining, the first choice is to keep the plots, and the flowering dense, lotus leafy plots will be reserved for the next year. The size of the area depends on the size of the planting area in the coming year. The second is to collect the land after planting, and pay attention to the integrity of the commercial lotus root when mining, so as to be sold with the excavation to ensure freshness.
(4) Rotation: Lotus root is a kind of water-fertilizer crop, which has high requirements on soil fertility. Planting in a field often causes the incidence of lotus root to reduce production and increase the incidence of corruption. The rotation of lotus root can not only increase the yield, but also prevent pests and diseases. It is most suitable for rotation with rice. The sowing period is basically the same, which is beneficial to the field replacement and does not miss the time of farming.
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