Recently, the decoupled combustion technology developed by the Institute of Process Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences as the core was established. The Decoupled Coal-fired Boiler Central Heating Demonstration Project in South Zhaogezhuang Village, Gu'an County, Hebei Province passed the acceptance of the expert group. The system solves the problem of small and medium-sized centralized clean and efficient heating in rural areas or suburban areas. The system has high thermal efficiency, high heating quality, good economy and safety, low pollutant emissions, and the emission of flue gas approaches or even meets the emission standards of gas-fired boilers. . Promoting the decoupled centralized heating technology of coal-fired boilers can not only effectively reduce the emission of pollutants from burning of bulk coal in rural areas or in suburban areas, but also greatly improve the quality of life of farmers and suburban residents, and boost the construction of new rural areas.
At least 200 million people in rural areas and suburban areas in China use relatively scattered coal-fired heating methods. In order to change this inefficient and polluting heating situation, people have tried various measures including natural gas, solar energy and biomass energy. However, due to the fact that the price of natural gas is gradually in line with international standards, and there are still problems such as long gas supply lines and low end-user density in these areas, the cost of natural gas for heating fuel will be 3-5 times the cost of burning coal. The use of solar collectors for heating generally requires the use of electrical energy to supplement the heat supply, while China's coal-fired power generation accounts for about 75% of the total power generation, and the average power supply efficiency is less than 38%, so solar collector heating technology is not only economical Poor sex, and environmental benefits are not good. Biomass has low energy density, high collection, storage, and transportation costs, and it is difficult to control dust emissions after combustion. Although biogas production using biomass fermentation technology is mature, it is mainly used for cooking, and the ability to produce methane in winter is far Can not meet the needs of heating. Therefore, the above-mentioned various heating technologies are difficult to promote in large areas in rural areas or suburban areas.
The domestic energy structure and economic development status have determined that the adoption of clean and efficient small and medium-sized coal-fired boilers will be a practical and effective way to reduce the emission of pollutants from dispersed users. If the existing coal-fired boilers are not upgraded and professionally managed, the impact of many problems of low efficiency, high pollution and hidden safety risks on the environment will be several times that of their fuel consumption. In fact, although the pollution control of small and medium-sized coal-fired boilers cannot meet the high technical standards of power station boilers, the unit emission reduction compared to large-scale boilers is much smaller. Therefore, whether it is economical or feasible, it is of great significance to popularize the use of clean and efficient centralized heating systems for small and medium-sized coal-fired boilers, such as decoupled combustion, in rural areas or suburban areas.
The decoupled combustion technology was invented by the process engineering and is the only effective technology for effectively reducing the emission of NOx at home and abroad.
Oxygen enrichment at high temperatures helps improve fuel combustion efficiency but increases NOx emissions, and vice versa. The decoupled combustion technology achieves the combined combustion of pyrolysis gas and semicoke produced by the coal itself by allowing the coal to undergo two processes of low-nitrogen combustion under a low-temperature reducing atmosphere and combustibles burning under a high-temperature oxidation condition. NOx formation during combustion. Compared with conventional coal-fired boilers, NOx emissions from small and medium-sized decoupled coal-fired furnaces are reduced by 30% to 45%, and the smoker's Ringermann blackness is less than 1, fully meeting the “smokeless emission†standard. If high-quality coal is used and a new type of high-efficiency dust removal and desulfurization equipment is used, the emissions of pollutants such as NOx, SOx, and soot in small and medium-sized decoupled coal-fired boilers can meet the gas emission standards. Small and medium-sized decoupled coal-fired boilers have stable combustion, high burnout rate, low exhaust gas temperature and excess air coefficient, and can reach 20% to 30% of the coal in conventional furnaces, and can directly use unmolded biomass. , which greatly reduced the operating intensity of the boiler maker. In addition, the decoupling furnace achieves a high heat exchange efficiency with a small ventilation resistance, so that the furnace body has a small size and a long service life.
Decoupled combustion technology has been successfully applied to the construction of multiple projects at home and abroad and has been highly praised by all parties. In July 2014, under the care and promotion of Zhao Yong, deputy secretary of the Hebei Provincial Party Committee, Hebei Province included the “Decoupled Combustion Small Central Heating Project†in the “Country of Hebei Province Rural Appearance Improvement and Upgrading†in the hot spring of Gu’an County, Langfang City. The demonstration project was established in Zhaogezhuang Village in the South of the Park. The demonstration project was accepted by the expert group in May 2015, and the participating experts agreed that vigorously promoting the "medium and small decoupled coal-fired boilers central heating system" is the urgent task to solve the problem of decentralized heating pollution in China.
To achieve major breakthroughs in energy-saving and emission-reduction for dispersed heat users, we should focus on the promotion and application of decoupled combustion small and medium-sized centralized heating systems in rural areas and suburban areas in China.
First of all, it is necessary to conduct centralized and professional management of heat supply to dispersed users. For example, industry experts provide consultation and design for users of heating systems, and provide unified management and regular training for the personnel of the furnace, and support the professional and technical departments to carry out continuous R&D and technology research on relevant products. This will not only help improve the technical level of the industry, but also enable the successful application of advanced technologies such as decoupled combustion and flue gas purification. It also makes it possible to control the quality of coal, thereby reducing the loss of water and electricity, increasing the service life of the boiler and ensuring the quality of heating. Improve the quality of life of residents and the economics and safety of heating systems.
Second, it is necessary to formulate effective policies to support the healthy development of products in the dissipative heating user market. For small and medium-sized centralized heating systems, the government should increase efforts to support the development and application of decoupled combustion boilers and ancillary equipment and systems, introduce more powerful energy-saving emission reduction policies, and constantly improve industry standards and thresholds to gradually adopt market measures. Eliminating backward technology. At the same time, directional subsidies and other measures are adopted to strictly control the coal supply channels so as to ensure that dispersive heat users choose high-quality raw coal or deep-processed coal or briquette, while inferior coal is used only as fuel for large boilers.
Finally, it is necessary to establish a distributed energy station that can meet the different needs of dispersed heat users. These distributed energy stations with numerous outlets can be operated and maintained by local thermal users, but their design and construction as well as fuel supply and ash handling must be handled by heating companies for centralized and unified management. In addition, the transformation of centralized heating systems for small and medium-sized decoupled coal-fired boilers should be based on the economic and geographical differences in different regions, and it should be difficult to advance. Can take the lead in the implementation of suburban schools, hospitals, enterprises, government office buildings and new residential areas.
With the development of new rural construction and urbanization, the backward mode of decentralized heating will gradually be eliminated, and the new centralized energy-saving buildings will continue to increase. The proportion of users who use liquefied gas to work together and support centralized heating systems will also increase significantly. Therefore, the promotion of centralized heating systems for small and medium-sized decoupled coal-fired boilers will be gradually marketized with the increase in pollution emission penalties and the improvement of energy conservation and emission reduction benefits, and ultimately enable social, thermal users, and heating companies to achieve mutually beneficial benignity. cycle.
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