4. Restrict the bottleneck of the development of domestic tools
Compared with advanced countries and regions such as Europe, America and Japan, China's tool industry has been in a backward position. It has been unable to meet the demand of high-speed and high-efficiency tools in modern manufacturing industry for producing standardized and generalized tools for several decades. Although a considerable number of companies are also striving to pursue technological advancement, their products, technologies and services should be kept up to the needs of modern manufacturing technology development. However, this kind of effort has been severely constrained by the extensive operation of the whole industry and the low-price marketing method. As a result, the market share of domestic high-speed and high-efficiency tools has been low in recent years, and there is no qualitative breakthrough.
The factors that restrict the development of high-speed and high-efficiency tools in China include: the application of new materials for tools, the adoption of new tools, and the use of high-precision equipment.
As the level of China's basic materials industry is still not high, especially the steel industry technology has not yet reached high quality standards. Raw materials are difficult to meet the requirements of high-quality tools, resulting in high-performance materials for tool products relying on imported raw materials to meet the requirements of high-quality tools.
Domestic tool manufacturing technology generally has a situation of internal and external difficulties. For a long time, domestic tool companies have not attached great importance to process technology, such as casting, forging, pressing, welding, machining, assembly, etc. The technology is very backward, and the concept of “craft†has been neglected as an affiliated technology in some enterprises. For a long time, it has rarely formed its own original achievements, lacking secondary development capability for the digestion and absorption of imported technologies, and the development of foreign technology. Fast, we can't catch up. In particular, the shortage of high-skilled talents in the process has become a bottleneck restricting the development of tool enterprises. The lack of technology has directly led to the increase of development costs and the extension of the development cycle.
In recent years, on the one hand, the domestic tool enterprises have insufficient investment in technological transformation, the equipment is not updated enough, and the equipment tends to age; on the other hand, because the domestic machine tool equipment is backward in terms of technology, performance, reliability and efficiency, the domestic tool enterprises are at the key. In the process, it has to rely on imports, that is, importing a small amount of equipment from abroad at a high price. At the same time, due to the lack of technology, a large number of processes and workstations are mainly based on domestic machine tool equipment, so that many parts are difficult to meet the requirements of high-quality mechanical products.
The modern machine tool manufacturing industry is developing in the direction of “high speed, high precision, compound, intelligent and environmental protectionâ€, and high precision, high speed and high efficiency processing play an important role in it. In developed countries, around high-speed, high-efficiency cutting, not only has invested a lot of energy in technology development, but also made unprecedented progress in application promotion. It can be said that high-precision, high-speed and high-efficiency processing has become a trend in the development of international manufacturing technology. In contrast, China's machine tools are relatively backward, which shows that China's machine tool manufacturing industry has not yet caught up with the current world development trend.
For example, the broaching tool is limited to the structural characteristics of the broaching tool and is suitable for low speed machining. The traditional broaching speed is generally 3~6m/min.
After years of research, advanced countries such as Europe, America and Japan have adopted new materials, using new technology and using high-precision, high-speed and high-efficiency processing equipment. At present, the broaching speed has been increased to 18~22m/min, which is higher than the traditional broaching. Processing speed is 4~5 times.
First of all, in the broaching tool material, the advanced country adopts the newly developed powder metallurgy high-speed steel material, the carbide segregation can reach level 1, and the heat treatment hardness of the cobalt-containing powder metallurgy high-speed steel can reach 69~71HRC, and the tool material meets the high hardness. Good wear resistance, heat resistance (thermosetting), and good toughness and impact resistance.
Secondly, the advanced national broaching tool processing application of high-precision numerical control equipment, fully enclosed oil cooling, multi-axis linkage, using a new process, to achieve the cutting edge of the cutting edge of the cutting edge, reduce friction and improve the surface quality of the workpiece.
Tool sharpening uses high-precision CNC sharpening machine tools to automatically measure the broach pitch and perform micro-effective grinding, which can meet the requirements of sharpening and ensure the service life of the broach while ensuring the high-speed cutting is completed smoothly.
Third, metal cutting tool life has a considerable relationship with heat treatment. At present, the salt melting furnace is widely used in China for heat treatment of the tool. There is no significant improvement in temperature control. The heat treatment is often not closed. After quenching, it is not soft or hard, which seriously affects the high-speed and high-performance performance of the tool. Especially in the surface treatment of tools, including coating technology, far behind developed countries, resulting in stagnant high-speed, high-efficiency tool development. The heat treatment in developed countries utilizes advanced computer temperature control equipment, vacuum quenching technology, and surface treatment on advanced composite coating equipment, which greatly extends tool life and ensures high-speed and high-efficiency performance.
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