The vacuum tube collector is a solar collector that evacuates the space between the heat absorbing body and the transparent cover layer. A water heater composed of a vacuum tube collector component is a vacuum tube water heater.
Vacuum tubes can be divided into two types according to the type of heat absorbing materials: one is a glass heat absorbing vacuum tube (or all-glass vacuum tube), and the other is a metal heat absorbing vacuum tube (or glass-metal vacuum tube). The heat pipe type vacuum tube is a kind of metal heat absorbing body vacuum tube, and is composed of main components such as a heat pipe, a heat absorbing body, a glass tube and a metal end cover.
Compared to other types of solar water heaters, heat pipe vacuum tubes have the following non-replaceable advantages:
1. Freezing resistance: It adopts anti-freeze type heat pipe, and will not freeze crack even under the cold condition of -50 °C.
2. Fast start: The heat capacity of the heat pipe is large, and the heat can be output after a few minutes in the sun; and in the cloudy and sunny weather, more hot water can be produced than other water heaters.
3. No scaling: Since the water does not directly flow through the vacuum tube, the problem of water channel blockage caused by scale formation is avoided.
4. Insulation is good: the heat pipe has the characteristics of one-way heat transfer, so that the hot water will not radiate down to the surrounding environment along the heat pipe at night.
5. High pressure: Since the glass tube does not contain water, it can be connected with the collector and the pressure of the tap water and the circulating pump, so it has unique advantages in the application of large and medium-sized hot water systems.
6. Good thermal shock resistance: Even if the user accidentally mishandles, the cold water will be injected into the water heater immediately after the sun is shining, and the vacuum tube will not burst.
7. Easy installation and reliable operation: the vacuum tube and the collector in the collector are “dry connectionâ€, no hot water leakage problem, easy to install; even if there is a problem with a heat pipe, it will not be affected during the maintenance process. The normal use of the entire system.
It is precisely because of the many advantages of the heat pipe vacuum tube that it has received more and more attention from the solar world. The heat pipe vacuum tube collector of Beijing Solar Energy Research Institute has been tested by German and Swiss testing agencies. The thermal performance index of the product has reached the international advanced level in the 1990s, becoming the third mass-produced heat pipe in the world after France and the United Kingdom. The unit of the vacuum tube collector.
China's residential design has not yet considered the supply of domestic hot water, and having a hot water bath at home is a necessary condition for a well-off life. China's energy supply is tight, and it is impossible to solve the urban residential hot water supply by relying on conventional energy. China's solar energy resources are very rich. The total annual radiation of more than two-thirds of the country is more than 5.02 million kJ/m2, and the annual sunshine hours are over 2000 hours. In recent years, solar water heaters have developed rapidly, making solar heating Water is not only technically and economically viable, but is already competitive with conventional energy sources.
Solar water heaters began to be promoted in China in the early 1980s. The scope of application includes collective bathrooms, swimming pool heating, industrial and agricultural production. The current market development momentum is tilting toward residential residential hot water year by year. In some areas of China, such as Kunming, the unified design and installation of solar water heaters in residential buildings have emerged, and good social and economic benefits have been achieved.
However, the promotion of solar water heaters in large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing is extremely slow. The reason is mainly the installation of solar water heaters. Since solar water heaters need to be installed on the roof, and Beijing residential buildings are not designed with solar water heaters in mind, it is necessary to carry out secondary construction. To solve this problem, it is necessary to make the solar water heater as an essential facility for the house. In the design, the pipeline of the solar water heater is buried in the wall like the heating pipe, and is completed simultaneously with the main building. Its advantages are:
1. Conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection. Each square meter of solar water heater can save 100-150 kilograms of standard coal per year, which can reduce greenhouse gas and dust emissions. Install auxiliary electric heating equipment on the solar water heater, and supplement heating in winter and even cloudy days. This will achieve a wide range of energy conservation and environmental protection.
2. Conducive to building construction. Since the solar water heater and the building are unified in design and construction, the secondary construction is avoided, and the roof can be protected and the heat insulation effect can be increased.
3. Conducive to the beauty of the city. Solar water heater housing will form a new landscape of urban construction, which can beautify urban architecture.
4. Save money and be economical. The technology of solar water heaters is now basically mature. Take the heat pipe vacuum tube solar collector of Beijing Solar Energy Research Institute as an example. The service period is 15 years, 80% depends on solar energy, 20% relies on auxiliary electric heating, and the operating cost is relatively low.
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