Abstract The United States has made major breakthroughs in the fields of superconducting materials, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Superconducting materials: Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that the superconductivity of all superconducting materials is proportional to film thickness, critical temperature, and sheet resistance. This discovery is expected to bring...
United States Major breakthroughs in superconducting materials, carbon nanotubes, graphene and other fields.
Superconducting materials: Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that the superconductivity of all superconducting materials is proportional to film thickness, critical temperature, and sheet resistance. This discovery is expected to lead to better-designed superconducting circuits for use in quantum computing and ultra-low-energy computing devices.
Research on carbon nanotubes: Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have developed new high-performance carbon nanotube transistors that are 1000 times faster than ordinary silicon transistors, 100 times faster than current fastest carbon nanotube transistors, and far superior in performance to current industrial applications. Thin-film transistors make it possible to replace silicon chips with carbon nanotube transistors; scientists at Stanford University use carbon nanotubes instead of silicon as a raw material, allowing memory and processors to be stacked in a stylish three-dimensional way, reducing data between the two. The transmission time, which greatly increases the processing speed of the computer chip, the running speed of the 3D chip developed by this method is expected to be 1000 times higher than the current chip.
Graphene research: US, Chinese, and Japanese scientists have discovered a new structure of carbon, pentagonal graphene. Computer simulations show that this semiconductor has ultra-high mechanical strength and can withstand temperatures of around 727 degrees Celsius; University of California, Riverside The branch's research team used new methods to give graphene magnetic properties while gaining new electrical properties that could create new quantum phenomena; Cornell University physicists cut, fold, and twist only 10 micron thick graphene. Bending into a variety of shapes, cutting out may be the world's smallest machine to date, providing new ideas for the development of nano-scale elastic devices.
In the field of metamaterial research: Harvard University first designed a "metamaterial" with a refractive index of zero and integrated on the chip. The speed of light in it can reach "infinity", to explore the zero-refractive physics and its The application in integrated optics opens the door.
The achievements of American scientists in the field of new materials include: Italian and American scientists have for the first time created silicon-based transistors that work stably in vacuum; scientists at Pennsylvania State University have developed a new type of polymer dielectric, not only It can store energy and can withstand high temperatures of around 250 degrees Celsius. It has broad application prospects in the manufacture of hybrid and purely powered vehicles and spacecraft.
Stanford University has developed a very light new nanowire mesh fabric using thermal conductive materials. It can lock more heat than traditional fabrics. It can also actively heat up after connecting the power supply. The clothes woven with it can make one person can Save about 1000 kWh of energy, which is equivalent to one month's electricity consumption in an average American family.
Liroy Rasmussen and the Energy Department's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) scientists have teamed up to develop a new synthetic muscle that is highly resistant to radiation and can adhere to metals and is expected to be used in manufacturing. Better prosthetics and more responsive robots are of great use in deep space exploration, especially in the field of Mars exploration.
The Virginia Commonwealth University's research team used iron nanoparticles, magnetic cobalt and carbon nanoparticles to synthesize a new magnetic material that is comparable to traditional rare earth materials.
United Kingdom
Graphene research is brilliant: printing RF antennas with graphene inks; finding new ways to produce graphene films in large quantities.
In May, researchers at the University of Manchester collaborated with graphene producer BGT Materials Ltd. to print RF antennas from compressed graphene inks. The antenna is flexible, environmentally friendly, and can be mass-produced at low cost, and can be applied to radio frequency identification tags and wireless sensors.
In June, more than 650 scientists and industry professionals from nearly 40 countries attended the “2015 Graphene Week†held at the University of Manchester. The conference covered 15 topics including graphene and related 2D materials and heterostructures. .
In November, researchers at the University of Glasgow discovered a new method for mass production of graphene films, which is said to significantly reduce substrate costs to about 1 in 100 of previously used materials.
France
Continue to carry out research on new materials in applications such as quantum computers and new batteries.
In October, French and Russian scientists discovered a special magnetic field perturbation on two-dimensional superconducting materials, like tiny oscillation stars. These excited states are generated by magnetic atoms doped into superconducting materials, which means The 渌-Ziba-Rusinov state (YSR state) chain is not just a theory, but can also be observed in experiments. This result opens up new avenues for the manufacture of quantum computers.
In December, the research team developed a new 18650 sodium-ion battery that uses sodium ion transfer (rather than lithium ions) to store and release electrical energy. Compared to conventional lithium batteries, it has higher reserves and lower cost; its energy density can be compared with Lithium-ion batteries such as lithium iron phosphate are comparable.
Germany
Developed a new nickel-titanium copper memory alloy to find a low-cost and environmentally friendly method for producing white light-emitting diodes.
Researchers at Keele University have invented a nickel-titanium-copper memory alloy that can be deformed ten million times without breaking, while ordinary alloy materials can be broken thousands of times, and are expected to be in microelectronics and optics, sensors, medical devices. And so many fields are showing their talents.
Researchers at the University of Nuremberg-Erlangen have applied fluorescent proteins to a rubber material and embedded them in light-emitting diodes, inventing a simple and inexpensive production process that makes white LEDs cheap and environmentally friendly.
The Max Planck Institute for Solid State Physics and the University of Munich have collaborated to develop a nanostructured material that can be used to create touch-free, inductive screens that can be viewed and tapped on the screen as long as the finger is close to the screen, avoiding finger contact with the screen.
Canada
A breakthrough in the research of a new generation of optoelectronic material perovskite, the development of super-tough polymer fiber, the first completed graphene superconductivity experiment.
In February, engineers used new technology to grow large pieces of pure perovskite crystals, laying the foundation for the development of cheaper and more efficient solar cells and LEDs.
In May, technology company Ocumetics developed a high-tech bionic lens. After the user wears it, it takes only 10 seconds to restore vision quickly.
In June, researchers at the Montreal Institute of Technology took inspiration from spider silk and developed a super-tough polymer fiber woven from tough fibers. This composite material can be used to make safer and lighter aircraft engines in the future, and will also be used in other applications such as surgical equipment, body armor, and automotive parts.
In July, the University of British Columbia research team demonstrated the infinite possibilities of superconductivity of graphene by doping lithium ions into graphene and cooling it to 5.9 degrees Kelvin, and produced the first superconducting graphene sample. The latest breakthrough is expected to usher in a new era of graphene electronics and nano-quantum devices.
Israel
Invented a self-healing sensor that uses superconducting materials to observe "God particles."
Researchers at the Israel Institute of Technology have invented self-healing sensors that open the way for humans to create true electronic skin in the future. The key to this technology is a new type of synthetic polymer that contains highly conductive electrodes and gold nanoparticles that, when damaged, expand to fill the gap to prevent current interruptions and affect the proper operation of the equipment.
Scientists at the University of Bayland have announced the first use of superconducting materials to observe "God particles" at lower cost in ordinary laboratories.
Russia
Developed a new method for the preparation of nano-cellulose, developed nano-modifiers for building and structural materials, and developed a new composite material based on graphene and nano-diamond.
Yan Kewei (Reporter in Russia) Scientists at the University of Perm have developed a new method for the preparation of nanocellulose, which reduces the production cost of nanocellulose by two-thirds. Nanocellulose is very strong and can be used to produce new super-strong papers, machine parts and ultra-flexible screens and bulletproof vests.
The Irkutsk State Technical University has developed nano-modifiers for building and structural materials that can increase metal properties by 30% and can also be used in coatings to make walls durable and durable.
Scientists at the Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and the Institute of Biophysics have successfully combined graphene carbon nanotubes with nanodiamond powder to obtain composite materials with unique properties that illuminate under weak current stimuli. It can be used to make new displays and for medical diagnosis.
Japan
Developed a new low-cost metal synthesis method to synthesize the world's strongest molecular magnet.
Researchers at Hokkaido University have developed a new low-cost metal synthesis method that can synthesize porous light metal alloys containing bio-friendly light metal ions (lighter metals with a specific gravity of 4 to 5), opening the way for the development of next-generation materials.
Gunma University researchers have developed a convenient way to produce terephthalic acid from biomass resources that are not suitable for consumption. Terephthalic acid is the raw material of PET resin, and PET resin is mainly used to produce plastic products such as polyester fiber and plastic bottle which are closely related to our lives.
Researchers at Kyushu University have for the first time demonstrated that the mobility of molecular locks in plastic polymer semiconductors has an impact on charge separation. This study has positive implications for improving the performance of organic thin film solar cells. The school has also successfully designed and synthesized the world's strongest molecular magnets, opening a breakthrough for the development of new technologies such as magnetic high-performance memory.
Korea
Focus on nano research, participate in graphene research, and make circular graphene particles.
In January, Korean materials scientists made a kind of round graphene particles similar to pompons by spraying graphene oxide into a high temperature solvent. This technology provides a simple, versatile method for fabricating electrode materials on batteries and supercapacitors, and has the potential to increase the energy efficiency and power density of electrical storage devices.
In February, the Korea Academy of Science and Technology introduced medical sensors made of CMOS and carbon nanotubes. The sensor is fabricated by arranging carbon nanotube electrodes on a CMOS wafer fabricated using a 0.35 micron process. This sensor is characterized by the fact that the metal electrode is not used to connect the wires, and the advantage is that there is no need to prevent short-circuit post-processing and surface processing, and thus the cost is lower.
Brazil
Strengthen research and development in the field of nanotechnology, and promote research and technology transfer of nanotechnology in key areas such as health, transportation, safety and communication.
The Brazilian National Science and Technology Development Council announced the establishment of a special fund to fund nanotechnology research units to purchase or update equipment, develop new products and new processes. The committee said that nanotechnology is widely used and has unlimited prospects. The establishment of this fund will help promote the development of nanotechnology in Brazil and the promotion and application of nano-products.
Researchers have used nanobiocomposites to develop a new type of electronic device that can diagnose leukemia as quickly as blood glucose. This new device can detect whether a patient carries cancer cells within an hour, and the current diagnostic method is the longest. It takes three weeks to get results.
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