China is a landlocked country, and it is also the country with the longest coastline. The characteristics of land wind speed and coastal wind speed are completely different, and typhoons on the coast pose a threat to wind turbines. Therefore, we should make a difference in the development of wind energy technologies. The design of wind turbines should reflect different characteristics. For land wind turbines, we must fully focus on improving the breeze power generation performance. For coastal wind turbines, we must fully emphasize the characteristics of higher wind speeds. And it must be completely resistant to typhoon. In other words, the appearance and characteristics of the wind turbine are completely different. Only in this way can the wind energy utilization rate in the longest and maximum wind speed range of the land and the coast be fully improved, so as to ensure the longest generation time of the wind turbine, and the output of the wind power is the most. Stability, the largest amount of wind power generation, in order to ensure the full use of China's wind energy in order to ensure the healthy development of China's wind power industry. Therefore, we will develop a new land-based breeze efficient wind turbine and a coastal high-efficiency wind turbine that is resistant to typhoons. Large-scale wind farm construction is also China's pioneering work, with Chinese characteristics, and facing a world-wide challenge of large-scale grid-connected wind turbines. We will adopt smart thermal power plants as supporting measures, and use inertial energy storage devices and electronic control technology to solve this world problem. .
Land breeze efficient new wind turbine
Wind power development has only just begun for China. Wind power accounts for a small amount of electricity in the country. In the face of such a huge market, why do most of our more than 80 production companies idle their production capacity? Why is there serious excess capacity? Some people think that it is the bottleneck of the power grid, and most people think that it is caused by overheated industrial development. These problems can be said to be insignificant compared with the huge development space of the wind power industry. At this point, wind power projects that we are all staring at the country and local areas are certainly not feasible. We should find breakthroughs in popularizing and popularizing wind turbines. Our country has a vast territory and there are many places that urgently need electricity and large amounts of electricity. Any mountainous area, grassland, Frontier defense stations, islands, exploration units, factories, mines, smelting units, etc. These places have huge room for development. If these markets are developed, large-scale wind power equipment will be used, not only will these enterprises be able to release their production capacity, but they may also be able to? ? Insufficient production capacity. Therefore, we must work hard to popularize wind turbines, greatly increase the wind turbine breeze power generation performance, and be suitable for promotion throughout the country; significantly reduce the cost of wind turbines, make the cost of wind power less than thermal power and hydropower, and increase the competitiveness of wind power.
China has low land wind speeds and windy areas, but they are relatively remote, and most of them are windy areas. We must use wind turbines in the less windy areas, and we must greatly increase the performance of breeze power generation. At present, wind power technologies in Europe and the United States are high wind speed wind turbines developed in a maritime climate. The biggest disadvantage of land use is that the power generation efficiency is too low, and there is basically no power generation capacity below the tertiary wind, and the design wind speed is 13 to 15 m/s. It is to reach the seven gales to be fully loaded. Such winds are rare on land. The high cost of wind turbines is also not conducive to popularization of wind turbines. Increasing the amount of power generation and reducing the cost of wind turbines are urgently resolved.
The breakthrough of China's wind power industry lies in the production and development of new wind-efficient wind turbines. The wind turbines should be able to start with one or two levels of wind. Three or four winds can generate electricity well, and five winds can reach full capacity. Suitable for promotion in most parts of the country, with good stability in grid connection, wind turbine cost reduction of more than 60%, basic maintenance-free, everyone dares to use, everyone is easy to use, and can be recovered within three years Investment, the excellent power generation performance and low cost of wind turbines will open up huge space for the development of the wind power industry.
First of all, industrial and mining companies have the need to install large-scale wind power equipment. If they can invest once and enjoy the benefits for two to three decades, the enthusiasm for installing wind turbines will certainly be very high. For large-scale smelting units, they generally have their own power plants. It is able to make heavy use of wind power, play a role in energy saving and emission reduction, and it will greatly help improve the efficiency of enterprises. Low-cost wind power will certainly be used in a large number of applications. The nation's industrial and mining enterprises contain a huge wind power market. The scale of this market will be It is several times larger than the Three Gorges on land that the country invests in. There are countless thermal power plants in various parts of the country. Wind turbines can be installed around the power plant to complement the wind power and thermal power, and thermal power can be regulated at any time according to the wind power. This is very favorable for reducing carbon emissions from thermal power plants and investing. With smaller scale, flexible control, and significant benefits, the scale of wind farms derived from these thermal power plants will not be smaller than that of the Three Gorges on the land, further expanding the space for wind power development. There are hundreds of hydropower stations in the mountainous areas in China, and the mountain tops have abundant wind energy. Because the new wind turbines can be maintenance-free, and the installation is convenient, the cost and installation cost are low, and it can be realized without too much investment. Scale operation. The biggest deficiency of wind power is that it is intermittent, and the biggest advantage of hydropower is its ease of control. Wind power and hydropower can be said to be a perfect combination, and it will become a development direction of wind power, and it will open up a huge space for development of wind power. Therefore, vigorously developing low-cost, breeze-efficient new wind turbines that are suitable for promotion throughout the country is a breakthrough to promote the development of the wind power industry and address the excess capacity of wind power.
Coastal anti-typhoon new efficient wind turbine
China has a long coastline, and the coast contains a lot of wind energy resources. Because the typhoon has greatly damaged wind turbines, it seriously hinders the development of coastal wind energy. Offshore wind power technology has always been the focus of foreign research and development, but there has been no major breakthrough in anti-typhoon technology, and there has been no major improvement in blade technology and control technology. Foreign countries have also suffered huge losses in the development of offshore wind energy. Although the typhoon poses a great threat to the development of wind energy, it still cannot stop people from developing enthusiasm for offshore wind power. Now offshore wind power generation has quietly emerged. China's offshore wind energy reserves are much larger than land-based wind energy, and its available wind energy resources are more than 700 million kW at a height of 10m and are very close to the power load center. If it can be effectively developed, it will provide a strong guarantee for China's economic development and contribute to the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Theoretically speaking, the operating wind speed of imported wind turbines reaches 50~60m/s, and the average wind speed of class 12 hurricanes is 34m/s, which means that the wind turbines can operate in any storm and there is surplus in strength. However, the facts were cruel. Typhoon Dujuan No. 13 in 2003, No. 1 Typhoon Pearl in 2006 and No. 8 Typhoon Sangmei in Guangdong caused Shanwei Honghaiwan Wind Farm, and the wind turbines in Nanao Wind Farm and Cangnan Hedingshan Wind Farm in Zhejiang Province were severe. Damaged. From the principle of the wind turbine control system, when the wind turbine is in a windy state, the wind turbine blades can be automatically unloaded so that the blades are parallel to the wind direction, so that the wind forces exerted on the blades are the minimum, which also resists the damage of the wind. . However, wind turbines were damaged in the typhoon, indicating that the wind turbine control technology is still unstable and reliable, and there are serious defects.
The existing blades are very large, and the huge wind load brought by the large blades is the culprit causing instability and strong destructiveness of wind turbines, which seriously affects the normal use of wind turbines, and brings high maintenance costs that the wind power industry cannot afford. In particular, coastal wind turbines are severely damaged by typhoons and the losses caused are enormous. The lagging of the control system is also the main reason for the damage of coastal wind turbines in the typhoon. To solve the typhoon problem, we must solve the problems of high wind load and the lagging of the control system. However, the high wind load of the existing blades cannot be changed. The performance of the blades determines the characteristics of high wind loads, and improvement alone cannot change the high wind load characteristics. What we should do now is to thoroughly change the structure of wind turbines. Only by changing the destructive force of blades with high wind load can we ensure the stability and safety of wind turbines and solve the problem of wind turbines against typhoons. There is also the problem of hysteresis in the control system. Can the change of the control system be more sensitive to change the problem of control lag? the answer is negative. People engaged in wind power research are familiar with the weathervane. The change of wind direction in nature is very fast. The wind turbine is very large and it is impossible to complete the adjustment process in a short time. On the contrary, we have done a very sensitive task. The yaw device and the variable-swirl moment device are constantly adjusted in the typhoon. A long period of overload operation will cause the control device to generate heat, which will cause the control device to automatically stop. The pitch device is responsible for the unloading function of the blades. If the work is stopped, the blades will be subjected to a strong wind load, causing strong impact on the wind turbine and causing damage to the wind turbine. If the machine is not shut down, the control device will be burned out, causing the blade to fail to control, losing the unloading function, and ultimately causing the wind turbine to be damaged. Therefore, the existing control system cannot satisfy the unloading function in the typhoon state.
To develop typhoon-resistant wind turbines, we must first solve the strong wind load problem of the blades. Adopting a small-sized blade turbine is the most effective method for improving wind resistance. Small-sized blade turbines also have the disadvantage of obtaining low wind energy efficiency. To overcome this shortcoming, we can The method of increasing the number of turbines in the blade is used to increase the efficiency of wind energy acquisition. Because the wind area of ​​the small bladed turbine is very small and the wind load is also small, it can be ensured that the blade will not be damaged in the typhoon. The wind turbine has dozens of small blade turbines. Their wind power is distributed evenly and will not cause any impact damage to the wind turbine, which can greatly improve the wind turbine's wind resistance. We also need to solve the problem of hysteresis of the wind turbine control system. In the case of large changes in wind speed and wind direction, any control system is a constraint and limitation on the device. The best way is to take it naturally and rely on the wind to automatically adjust The wind direction, this adjustment is the most accurate and timely, the wind will be the smallest. Therefore, we need to save yaw devices and variable-slurry devices. Wind turbines rely on the wind to complete the process of adjusting the wind direction, there will be no hysteresis, there will be no faults, and the structure will be simplified and the cost will be reduced. Nuclear power also has gas power. Smart grids can coordinate, complement and balance each other. It is a very powerful smart grid. However, since the grid-connected wind turbines have no guarantee of grid-connection stability, the scattered grid approach is still adopted. The scale of wind farms is small. When the wind speed and wind direction change greatly, the wind turbines are unstable and cannot meet the grid connection conditions. The machine can be removed from the network at any time; after the wind turbine is stabilized, it can be networked at any time without causing too much impact on the power grid. Although wind power accounts for 20 to 30% of wind power, such as Denmark, they are all distributed access. The introduction of wind power grid regulation strictly regulates the number and capacity of wind turbines at access points, and stipulates the standards for access and exit. The company receives weather forecasts four times a day from three different weather forecasting companies, and then uses advanced software systems to predict when the weather changes described in the weather forecast will affect wind turbines and analyze the impact of these changes on the entire power system. For quick manual intervention. However, there is very little actual wind speed and forecast wind speed. This kind of passive and inaccurate control method is definitely not applicable to China. The impact current generated by large-scale wind farms in China is enough to make the grid collapse and there is no time for manual intervention. Therefore, large-scale grid-connected foreign countries have no successful experience to learn from. We cannot build a smart grid that is more powerful than Europe. Even if it is built, it cannot solve grid-connected problems.
We illustrate this problem with simple quantitative calculations. A tens of kilowatt-class wind farms will have 500 to 600 wind turbines. We have selected 2.5 MW wind turbine data for calculation. The wind turbine brand is German Nordex N80. Low data, when the wind speed is 5m/s, the power is 120kw, when the wind speed is 6m/s, the power is 248kw. When the wind speed changes to 1m/s, the power change is 128kw. If calculated by 100 wind turbines, the power change value reaches 12800kw, 10,000 kilowatts of impact energy do not know how powerful a smart grid can withstand? Moreover, this calculated value is already very small. We calculate it according to low wind speed and small variation. The actual wind speed change is much larger, and the change of wind direction has a greater impact on wind turbine power than wind speed. Therefore, the actual impact energy in use is much greater than this value. It will be very alarming. We must take it seriously.
Large-scale wind turbine grid integration
The large amount of peak current generated by large-scale wind turbines is the greatest threat to grid security. To solve the large-scale wind turbine grid connection problem, the impact of wind power peak current on grid stability must be resolved! Solving the grid connection problem is difficult to solve with only the smart grid approach. The strong peak current generated by wind power must be buffered and absorbed. It is necessary to connect a sufficiently powerful load. The thermal power plant is a powerful power generation source, and we can also put the fire. The power plant becomes a powerful load to absorb the inrush current of wind power. Intelligent thermal power plants not only function as supplemental water sources, but also serve as reservoirs that act as buffers and absorption for floods.
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