The structural materials of the coordinate measuring machine have a great influence on its measurement accuracy and performance. With the research, development and application of various new materials, the structural materials of the coordinate measuring machine are more and more, and the performance is getting better and better. . The main structural materials are mainly the following.
First, the cast iron is <br> <br> more general use a material mainly used for the base, a slide to roll rails, columns, brackets, and other bed. Its advantages are small deformation, good wear resistance, easy processing, low cost, and linear expansion coefficient close to most of the parts to be tested (steel parts), which is widely used in early coordinate measuring machines. Cast iron materials are still mainly used on some measuring machines. However, cast iron also has disadvantages: it is susceptible to corrosion, wear resistance is lower than granite, and its strength is not high. At present, cast iron is mainly used in measuring machines such as marking machines. It is now increasingly being replaced by other materials (such as steel plate weldments, granite). However, some companies, such as SIP in Switzerland, consider cast iron to be an ideal base material. Its linear expansion coefficient is close to that of steel. Only iron metal materials can be used in the whole machine structure to avoid complex deformation; castings can last for a long time. Natural aging helps maintain long-term stability.
Second, the steel structural steel is mainly used <br> <br> housing, brackets, etc., and some also measuring machine base made of steel. Low carbon steel is generally used and heat treatment is required. Steel has the advantage of being rigid and strong. Its disadvantage is that it is easily deformed because the internal residual stress release causes deformation after the steel is processed.
A further advantage of steel materials is the use of welded parts. In the early 1980s, welded parts were successfully applied to measuring machines and robots. The welded parts have the following advantages compared to the cast iron parts.
1. The welded component can obtain high stability after sufficient artificial aging.
2, can get higher stiffness, design flexibility is better than castings, steel components are lighter than cast iron. More prominently, under the conditions of permission, closed high-strength thin-shell parts with cavities and even multi-cavity structures can be welded. In this respect, castings are difficult to achieve.
3. The size of the welded parts can be well controlled. Under the condition of batch production, the size of the welded parts is ensured by the clamp; in the case of single or small batch production, it is controlled by the skill of the workers. At present, the error can be controlled within ±1mm, so the shape design and machining allowance can be controlled.
Of course, the quality of the welded parts depends to a large extent on the performance of the supporting equipment. Such as special fixtures, curved plates and automatic welding equipment. At present, manufacturers using such components include China Aviation Precision Research Institute, etc., whose products are code-named SZC-1065, SZC-654 and IOTA. There are also many manufacturers abroad that apply welded structures to CMMs, such as BETA, DELTA, LAMBDA from DEA, Italy.
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