Following the “Shenzhou†flight to the sky and the “dragon dragon†to the sea, Chinese scientists have ushered in historic breakthroughs in the exploration of the deep Earth.
On the 2nd, Jilin University’s main research and development company, the “Crust No. 1†10,000m rig, officially announced the completion of the “First Showâ€: the completion of a drilling depth of 7,018 meters created a new record of Asian countries’ scientific drilling of the continent, marking China’s succession after Russia and Germany. The third country in the world that has dedicated equipment and related technologies for the implementation of the 10,000-meter continental drilling program.
The 7018m deep Songke Second Well belongs to the Cretaceous International Continental Scientific Drilling Project in Songliao Basin, China. It is the deepest drilling in the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) in 22 years and the first drilled in the Cretaceous Terrestrial Strata. Science drilling well.
This is a landmark achievement of China's entry project. It will provide key technologies and equipment for China's deep exploration of the earth, and expand the exploration and development of clean energy resources such as deep shale gas and geothermal energy in the Songliao Basin, leading the global Cretaceous Territory. Paleoclimate research has significantly improved China's international influence in the field of geological history and paleoclimate research.
Ten years grinding a "drill"! "Into the depths of the Earth"
Scientific drilling is the most direct, effective, and reliable method for obtaining deep earth matter and understanding information inside the earth. It is an indispensable and important support for the development of earth sciences, and it is also an indispensable important issue for solving major problems such as resources, energy, and the environment facing human social development. Technical means.
Since the 1970s, many developed countries have successively implemented a number of scientific drilling programs. The representative of the Soviet Union Kola peninsula 12262 meters deep drill, is currently the world's deepest well; Germany KTB ultra-deep drilling, 9101 meters, ranked second.
In February 1996, Germany, the United States, and China, as the first members, initiated the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program. At present, China has successfully applied to the “Dabie-Sulu†continental ultra-deep drilling, the China Environmental Science Drilling Project for the Qinghai Lake, the Division One Well and the Second Well Project and many other ICDP projects, which have made remarkable achievements in the field of continental scientific drilling. Achievements.
If a worker wants to do good, he must first sharpen his tools. Previously, China’s geophysical equipment mainly relied on imports, but foreign high-precision equipment was blocked for China.
"If we say that we are a 'millet plus rifle', people will have missiles," said Professor Huang Dainian, a well-known strategic scientist and national "thousand-person plan" expert in the National Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Jilin University. He is fully aware that this is a topic that cannot be avoided or circumvented in the development of the country. It must break through the equipment and technology blockade of the developed countries.
Participating in the “Deep Exploration Technology and Experimental Research Special Project†is the first important task after Huang Dainian returned to China—as the person in charge of the special ninth project “Deep Exploration Key Equipment and Equipment Development and Experimental Projectâ€.
The fifth subject of the project, “Development of Deep Continental Scientific Drilling Equipmentâ€, was developed by Jilin University as the main undertaking unit to meet the demand for high-end equipment for ultra-deep drilling in China's deep exploration mission.
After more than four years of technical research, in 2013 Jilin University successfully developed the 10,000m rig for China's first 10,000m continental scientific drilling equipment, which fills the gap in China's deep continental scientific drilling equipment and greatly improved China's Ultra Deep Well Scientific Drilling Equipment Technical Level.
Hard to overcome! Chinese scientists break through high-temperature, "coring" and other technical problems
In the northeast of China, the Songliao Basin rests in the embrace of the Xiaoxing'anling and Changbai Mountains. On August 18, 2006, the Chinese Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling Project (Songke-1 well) drilled in the central depression in the northern Songliao Basin was conducted in two holes. On October 20, 2007, Songkeyi completed drilling successfully, with a total core footage of 2,577 meters and a total heart length of 2,485 meters. This laid a solid foundation for the follow-up study of major geological events and greenhouse climate changes in the Cretaceous Earth surface system.
Songke Second Well was drilled in 2014 with the goal of breaking through the Cretaceous of the Songliao Basin, exploring the deep energy potential of the Songliao Basin, establishing a deep stratigraphic structure in the Songliao Basin, seeking geological evidence for climate change in the Cretaceous, and developing deep detection techniques.
The "Crust No. 1" 10,000 meters rig became the only choice for completing the Songke Second Well Project. "The 'Crust 1' has withstood the test. The failure rate of the rig is 97.5%, and the maximum daily footage is 286 meters. This fully demonstrates the ability of our country to independently develop the drilling rig." Songke Second Well Engineering Chief Equipment Engineer, "Crust One" Sun Youhong, head of R&D of the drilling rig and Vice President of Jilin University, said that “Crust 1†broke through four key technologies and some of the technologies even reached the international advanced level, making China's drilling equipment research and development level among the top international teams.
How to ensure that the drill does not “strike through heatstroke†during sustained high temperatures is an important issue for scientists. According to Zhang Jinchang, director of the Songke Erjing Project and director of the Exploration Technology Institute of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, the deeper the drilling, the higher the temperature, and the greater the technical difficulty of the drilling fluid. Every 100 yards of Songke Second Well, the underground temperature will rise 3 to 4°C, and the temperature has exceeded 240°C when drilling to the bottom of the hole. Through repeated research and experiments, the team developed a new type of drilling fluid formulation that has withstood the test of high temperature downhole and refreshed the maximum temperature record for drilling fluid applications in China.
After the success of the "drilling ground", scientists faced the challenge of "caught the heart." To "move a knife" on an extremely uneven and complex sphere, while ensuring that the borehole of the drill cannot collapse and crack, it is also extremely difficult to remove the deep core completely.
Songke Erjing adopted the domestic first large-diameter caliber same-coring drilling tool, drilled directly into a large borehole using a drilling tool, and drilled to the diameter of a design wellbore at once, conquering the breaking of the large-diameter coring bit and crushing rock cores. Take and carry out wells and other key technical difficulties.
As a result, many processes in the process of “path-tracking and large-diameter reaming†are eliminated, which avoids many risks in the process of “from small boreholes to large boreholes†and saves a lot of materials. At the same time, the physical sample volume obtained is also 5 times more than the design volume.
7018 meters into the ground! Opening a new starting point for China's "geography"
At the Songke Erjing Achievement Appraisal Meeting held on May 21st, Academicians Li Tingdong, Kang Yuzhu, Wu Qiang, Hou Zengqian, Yang Jingyu, and other experts all agreed that this achievement has achieved major breakthroughs in theory, technology, engineering, and equipment, and has expanded The deep exploration and development of new energy resources in China, leading to Cretaceous paleo-climate research and the service of “a hundred years of Daqing†construction are of great significance. The achievements have reached the international advanced level, reaching the international advanced level in deep drilling techniques and Cretaceous continental paleo-climate research.
At present, the core of Songke Second Well has been completely collected, which will play a key role in the study of the evolution of paleoclimate in the Cretaceous and the evolution of human living environment in the future. “The reason why the Cretaceous was studied was because this period was the period of the greenhouse climate closest to us, and it was also the period of “three highs†of high CO2, high sea level, and high temperature. The Cretaceous period should be studied to study the future evolution of the Earth—maybe Entering this period of 'three highs' is of great significance for reference,†said Wang Chengshan, chief scientist of Songke Erjing and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Wang Chengshan described: “Songke Erjing provided a big stage for the entire earth science community. It reconstructed the climatic evolution history of the Cretaceous terrestrial from millions of years to 100,000 years, and discovered the major control of continental climate change on various time scales. Factors to find new evidence for studying the evolutionary mechanisms of the Earth's climate system under greenhouse climate conditions."
In general, through the "time tunnel" of Songke Erjing, Chinese geoscientists basically restored the scene of the Cretaceous.
In addition, the 7018-meter-long Songke Second Well also revealed the causes, processes and results of Songliao Basin formation, which provided important data support for supporting the development of Daqing Oilfield in the next 50 years and ensuring China's energy security.
In the next step, Chinese scientists will continue to develop a series of domestically produced ultra-deep drilling equipment of 15,000 meters, and do a good job in the site selection and implementation of China's super-million-meter continental scientific drilling project and large-scale oil-gas basin scientific drilling project.
The journey of mankind is not only the stars and the sea, but also the exploration of the tunnel leading to the depths of the earth, and listening more closely to the "heartbeat" of Mother Earth. (Reporters Gao Nan, Meng Qiqi)
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