There are many kinds of pesticides, different pesticides are controlled, and the same kind of medicaments can have different dosage forms; there are significant differences in application methods and control effects between different medicaments and dosage forms. Therefore, on the basis of determining the target of prevention and control, selecting the corresponding pesticide and appropriate dosage form, adopting appropriate application methods and techniques is an important measure to improve the control effect, ensure safety, reduce the dosage and produce pollution-free agricultural products. According to the China Pesticide Network, the main methods of application in production are:
Spraying is the most common method of application. It is a method of applying a certain amount of pesticides and suitable water into a liquid medicine, spraying them into a mist by a sprayer to achieve control of pests and diseases or controlling the growth and development of crops. Spray can be used for stem and leaf treatment, soil treatment, etc.; emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, aqueous preparations, suspensions, etc. can be sprayed. According to the amount of liquid used in the mu and the diameter of the droplets, the spray is divided into: 1. Constant spray: the amount of the liquid used for the mu is more than 10 kilograms, and the diameter of the droplet is 0.1 to 0.5 mm. Generally, it is sprayed with a conventional sprayer, such as a worker-peasant-type 16. Due to the large diameter of the droplets, the mist particles sink faster. The utilization rate per unit area of ​​the drug is low, and the general dose is about 25% of the drug dosage, so the cost is large and the pollution is serious. 2, low-volume spray: the amount of liquid used for mu is 10 kg to 1 kg, and the diameter of the droplet is 0.05 to 0.1 mm. Generally, it is sprayed with a type 18 motorized mist sprayer. Due to the small diameter of the droplets, about 70% of the mist particles are settled in the upper part of the plant, the utilization rate per unit area is high, the concentration is high, the atomization is good, and the control effect is good. However, agents that are highly toxic and susceptible to phytotoxicity should be used with caution to avoid poisoning and phytotoxicity. 3, ultra-low volume spray: the amount of liquid used in acres is less than 1 kilogram, the diameter of the droplet is 0.01 ~ 0.05 mm, generally sprayed with electric sprayer, because the diameter of the droplet is very small, about 90% of the mist particles are sinking on the top of the plant. The utilization rate per unit area is high and the control effect is good. It is especially suitable for the prevention and control of vegetables in the protected area. The amount of spraying liquid is small, which can reduce the humidity in the shed, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, reduce the dosage, and produce more pollution-free vegetables. In addition, in order to improve the spray quality and control effect, it is necessary to select water with good water quality, that is, soft water. For the water agent with poor adhesion, a small amount of neutral detergent powder should be added as a spreading agent; when dispensing, the original drug should be diluted with a small amount of water. Stir well to promote uniform suspension; the nozzle leaves the crop for about half a meter, and the coverage is relatively uniform; in general, the agent should be sprayed within 6 hours after spraying.
The method of spreading the pesticide is to mix the pesticide with the soil or the fertilizer, and directly apply it by hand. The key technique of the method is to mix the medicine with the soil or the medicine and the fertilizer, and spread it evenly. Mixing the soil: Take 20~30 kg of fine moist earth powder, first mix the powder and granule pesticide with a small amount of fine soil, then mix with the rest of the soil; the liquid pesticide is diluted with a small amount of water and sprayed on the soil with a sprayer. , while spraying and flipping. It is advisable to mix the good soil with the pinch and spread it; mix the medicine fertilizer and mix it with the appropriate pesticide dosage form and chemical fertilizer. It is required that the drug and fertilizer have no effect on each other, no harm to the crop and the application period is consistent with the fertilization period.
When the watering method is used to control the root-root disease of the soil, the rooting and filling are used. The effect is better. Generally, the dosage of the medicine is 250-300 kg. The concentration is accurate, the mixing is uniform, and the dosage is uniform.
Seed dressing method Different pesticide dressing methods are different. When using powder or granules for seed dressing, mix the pesticide and seeds in the seed dresser or other utensils evenly. When mixing with water or cream, first The medicament is added with a small amount of water and then sprayed evenly onto the seed to be sown. The key is to mix the medicines so that each seed sticks to the outside. After seed dressing, according to the volatility or permeability of the medicament, pile up for a certain period of time, and then dry and sow.
The main point of seed soaking in the soaking method is to master the concentration of the liquid, the soaking temperature and the time. The soaking liquid is generally more than 20% to 30% of the seed, and it is better to soak the seeds with the liquid. The soaking time of different seeds is long and short, the grain seeds are generally about 12 hours, and the vegetable seeds are generally 24 to 48 hours.
The bait method is a commonly used application method for controlling underground pests or mice by using pests or rodent-loving foods as baits made of bait and pesticides. Use stomach-toxic pesticides such as phoxim, trichlorfon, bromadiolone and bait (bean cake, grain, wheat bran, lettuce) mixed with appropriate water to form a poison bait, and sprinkle it in the field to control pests or rodents.
The method of applying the stem-dropping method is to use a systemic drug such as omethoate and monocrotophos to form a certain concentration of liquid medicine, and use a cotton swab to take the liquid medicine and apply it on the tender stem to control pests such as aphids and whitefly. Application method. It is forbidden to medicinal drugs, and the concentration of the drug is strictly controlled. The method of dropping the heart is to use a systemic long-acting phosphorus, phosphorus amine and other pesticides to prepare 200 times of liquid medicine, using a worker-n-16 sprayer, and use 3 to 4 layers of sand cloth to cover the nozzle, to make a small gas, switch to 1/3 ~ 1/2 size, slow walking, 4 to 6 drops per plant, good control effect on the second generation cotton bollworm, can effectively protect the cotton top core, play its compensation role, on the cotton field seven-spot ladybug, propylaea, Natural enemies such as grasshoppers have a good protective effect.
The fumigation method uses a fumigant such as dichlorvos, aluminum phosphide, and chlorothalonil to control the storage of pests, seedlings, agricultural germs, eggs, and greenhouse pests. China Pesticide Network Xiaobian reminds everyone: This method must be well-closed, the amount of medication is sufficient, master the fumigation time, the poison gas will be released in the first half of the month.
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