According to reports recently organized by the Physicists Organization Network, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) and the University of Cambridge, UK, scientists have developed a technology to coat nanoparticles with a DNA chain, which can control and guide two different types of colloids. Automatic assembly. This colloidal particle can be used to create novel self-assembled materials, such as smart drug patches, novel paints that change color with light, and the like. Related papers are published in the magazine "Nature and Communications."
Colloids are formed by the uniform distribution of a substance in another substance. In daily life, people can see many colloids, such as milk, foam, hair spray, paint, foam shaving cream, glue and even dust, mud, smoke and so on. Colloids have many unique properties, such as Brownian motion, electrophoresis, and the Tyndall effect (the light enters the colloids to scatter and present different colors), but the more specific property is their ability to self-assemble: only under the interaction of their own particles Can naturally gather together to form a stable structural arrangement without external intervention. Usually, as long as the external environment factors such as temperature and light change, the colloid reacts and this self-assembly occurs.
In biological colloids, such as DNA, proteins, and other macromolecules, self-assembly is usually the first step in self-organization, supporting many molecular structures. However, in terms of technology, self-assembling colloids are used more widely and people study them even more.
What happens to the self-assembly of two or more different colloids? The team of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Josippe Fofi and the group of Elica Iser of the University of Cambridge jointly solved this problem. The Esser team coated the fluorescent polystyrene beads with different DNA strands to make the ball appearance hairy. As a means of particle interaction, it can also be used to mark different particles and can also be used. The suitability of DNA sequences programs the interactions between particles.
Using DNA-coated colloids, researchers can control the self-assembly process of two different colloidal particles. The two colloids are mixed together in a "double mix" form, eventually forming new structures, and they accumulate more quickly, thereby creating a structural "base frame" on which other things can be assembled. Using the selectivity of DNA base pairs, researchers have achieved unprecedented levels of control over colloidal shapes.
In addition, they also found a way to obtain self-assembled structures. Because the colloidal particles provide a high degree of specificity and programmability in response to temperature changes, the self-assembled structure largely depends on temperature changes. Fofi said: "In a sense, the new structure retains the 'memory' of their preparation history."
Based on colloidal profile data and dynamic data on particle interactions, the researchers concluded that this method is not limited to nanoscale objects and can be used throughout the entire colloidal range. In addition, they predict that there are many applications for this method, such as photoreactive coatings or smart patches. Smart patches are filled with particles containing antibodies or antipyretics and can react with body temperature or pH changes to release these particles. (Chang Lijun)
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