Physicists have identified a metal that conducts electricity but does not conduct heat. This is a very useful property, but it violates our understanding of how conductors work. The Wiedemann-Franz Law, discovered in the 19th century, describes the relationship between metal electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. The theorem basically states that a good electrical conductor is also a good thermal conductor, which is also The reason why electric motors and electrical appliances become hot when used.
The metal vanadium dioxide (VO2) discovered in 2017 violates this principle. Another special property of it is that it changes from a transparent insulator to a metal conductor at 67 degrees Celsius.
After analyzing the electrons, the researchers believe that the reason why it conducts electricity but does not conduct heat is that the amount of electrons in vanadium dioxide is only one-tenth of that predicted by Wildman-Franz theorem. For ordinary metals. For electrons, heat is a random movement. Ordinary metals can effectively transfer heat because there are enough microscopic configurations to allow individual electrons to jump between them, while vanadium dioxide does not have so many microscopic states.
This metal may also be used in the future to convert waste heat into electricity, or to create curtains to keep buildings cool.
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