The organic/inorganic nanocomposite formed by dispersing the inorganic filler in a nanometer size in a general plastic matrix is ​​called nanoplastic. In nanocomposites, the dispersed phase size is less than 100 nm in at least one dimension. Due to the nano-size effect of the dispersed phase, large specific surface area and strong interfacial bonding, nano-plastics have excellent properties such as high strength, heat resistance, high barrier properties, flame retardancy and excellent processability, and are a new high-tech new product. material.
Method for preparing nano material modified plastic
(1) Intercalation composite method
Intercalation recombination is to insert a monomer or a polymer into a layered silicate layer, thereby destroying the silicate layer structure, and peeling it into a basic unit having a thickness of 1 nm and a length and a width of 100 nm, and It is uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix to realize the composite of the polymer and the layered silicate layer on the nanometer scale, and the intercalation compound is divided into two technical routes of intercalation polymerization and polymer intercalation.
The difference between intercalation polymerization and polymer intercalation is that the former is a monomer intercalated between the silicate sheets to form a polymer nanocomposite; the latter is inserted by a layering agent to insert the polymer. Between the silicate sheets.
(2) Blending method
The blending process is to first prepare the nanoparticles and then mix them with the organic polymer in various ways. The blending method is divided into melt blending and solution blending. From the difference of blending components, it can be divided into polymer/polymer, polymer/inorganic particle system. This method is simple, and the key is to solve the dispersion of nanomaterials.
(3) In situ dispersion method
The in-situ dispersion method is to dissolve the nano material into the monomer solution and then carry out the polymerization reaction. This method is characterized in that the nano material is uniformly dispersed.
Application of nano materials in plastic modification
(1) Improve the toughness and strength of plastics
The emergence of nanomaterials provides a new method and approach for plastic reinforcement and toughening modification. The small particle size dispersed phase has relatively few surface defects and many unpaired atoms. The ratio of the number of surface atoms to the total number of atoms of a nanoparticle increases sharply as the particle size becomes smaller. The crystal field environment and binding energy of the surface atom are different from those of the internal atom, and have great chemical activity. The atomization of the crystal field and the increase of the active surface atoms greatly increase the surface energy, so that it can be closely combined with the polymer substrate, and the compatibility is better. When subjected to an external force, the ions are not easily detached from the substrate, and the external stress that is received is better transmitted. At the same time, under the interaction of the stress field, more microcracks and plastic deformation will be generated inside the material, which can cause the substrate to yield and consume a large amount of impact energy, thereby achieving the purpose of simultaneously strengthening and toughening.
(2) Improve the processing properties of plastics
Some high polymers, such as ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with a viscosity average molecular weight of more than 1.5 million, have excellent comprehensive performance, but because of their extremely high viscosity, molding processing is difficult, which limits the promotion. Utilizing the small coefficient of friction between layers of layered silicate sheets, the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and the layered silicate are thoroughly mixed to form a nano rare earth/ultra high molecular weight polyethylene composite material, which can effectively reduce ultra high molecular weight poly The entanglement of the ethylene molecular chain reduces the viscosity and provides good lubrication, which greatly improves the processing properties.
(3) aging resistance of reinforced plastics
The anti-aging properties of polymers directly affect its service life and environment, especially for agricultural plastics and plastic building materials, which is an indicator that needs high attention. The ultraviolet light in the sunlight is 200 to 400 nm, and the ultraviolet light in the 280 to 400 nm band can break the molecular chain of the polymer and never age the material. Nano-oxides have good absorption properties for infrared and microwave, and luminescence phenomena that are not visible in conventional materials can be observed in nano-alumina, titanium oxide and silicon oxide. By properly mixing nano-SiO 2 and TiO 2 , a large amount of ultraviolet rays can be absorbed, thereby making the material resistant to aging.
(4) The addition of nanomaterials functionalizes plastics
Metal nanoparticles have heterogeneous nucleation and can induce the formation of certain crystal forms that impart toughness to the material. Filling the polypropylene with low-melting metal nanoparticles shows that it can act as a conductive channel and enhance and toughen in polypropylene, and its low melting point also improves the processing properties of the composite.
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