First, pesticide classification
Pesticides can be divided into the following categories according to their use:
(1) Insecticides: (2) chlorpyrifos; (3) fungicides; (4) nematicides: (5) herbicides; (6) plant growth regulators (hormones); (7) herbicides.
Second, the overview of commonly used pesticides
(1) Common insecticides
1. Organochlorines: This insecticide is generally difficult to decompose and has a long-term toxicity and a pungent odor. Most of it has been banned from production and use because it is more difficult to decompose and pollute the environment. The following are common.
(1) Triclosan vinegar. This kind of medicine is mostly used to kill mosquitoes and flies with contact and killing effects.
(2) The 666 residual period has been banned from production and use.
(3) DDT, etc.
2. Organophosphorus: This kind of insecticide generally has strong stimulating odor, high toxicity, and good insecticidal spectrum. The residual period is relatively short, so it is widely used in outdoor plants for insect control but because of its strong stimulation. Sexual anger is therefore not suitable for indoor and multi-person public places. In addition, it should be noted that high concentrations of organophosphorus pesticides often cause phytotoxicity and long-term use of the same organophosphorus pesticides may easily lead to drug resistance. Commonly used are as follows.
(1) Dimethoate, Omethoate. It is highly toxic and has strong irritating sputum. It can kill most insects and cockroaches, especially for scale insects. For insects, it has the functions of contact, stomach killing, etc. c Note: Some plants are sensitive to 1500 times or less of omethoate. Therefore, the use of omethoate or dimethoate should be avoided as much as possible and should be tested first to avoid causing the drug. harm.
(2) Phoxim. Less toxic to insects have contact, stomach killing but no systemic. It is particularly effective for Lepidoptera larvae. The residual period of the aboveground surface is about 2-3 days shorter, but the residual period after the person reaches the ground is 1-2 months. It can kill most of the underground pests such as wax, wax and so on. Note: Concentrations above 1000 times may cause phytotoxicity. Decomposes under light conditions, preferably at night, and can not be used with alkaline drugs.
(3) Speed ​​culling. It is effective against scale insects but the smell is too large. It is not suitable for indoor use of high concentration, which will cause phytotoxicity. The general dosage is 2000-4000 times.
(4) Insects. It is an organic phosphorus compound and a mixed insecticide. With a broad spectrum of insecticidal effects. It has the advantages of both organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides. It is odorous but has a lower odor than other organophosphate pesticides than other pyrethroid pesticides.
(5) Trichlorfon: low toxicity, in addition to the control of plant pests, can also be used for the control of animal parasites such as livestock and aquatic products.
(6) Dichlorvos: It is further oxidized for omethoate. Moderately toxic. In addition to the effects of contact and stomach killing, the pests also have a fumigating effect. Easy to break down the residual period.
3. Pyrethroids: Pyrethroid pesticides are less toxic, odorous but lighter and can be used indoors. It is easy to decompose in alkaline or soil and has insecticidal and antiseptic effects. Most commonly used are pyrethroids. Cypermethrin is known as Xingmianbao, Jiebaike, Anlvbao, Saibokai, etc. It has contact with insects, stomach poisoning, etc. It is effective for light and heat to stabilize insect eggs, and has good effects on pests that are resistant to the control of organic phosphorus. It has poor effect on mites and blind mites, and has a relatively long residual effect period. . Note: Do not increase the dose and number of uses. Do not mix with alkaline drugs. The safety interval is 7-10 days.
(two) acaricide
Strictly speaking, cockroaches are not insects, so many insecticide-killing pesticides do not work for cockroaches. The acaricides have little effect on other insects. Commonly used acaricides are as follows.
1. Mike. The general name is amitraz and the moderate toxicity has the effects of contact, refusal, repellent, stomach poisoning and systemic absorption. It is effective for all developmental stages. The concentration of action is 1000-1500 times.
2. Nisolang. Low toxicity, no systemic action, spray evenly can kill eggs, young clams, and sputum. However, it has a long residual effect on adult mites.
3. Kruth. Keziite organophosphorus pesticides have strong stimulating sputum and low toxicity. It has no systemic action on the snails, such as contact and stomach poisoning. It is effective for sputum and sputum, but has poor egg killing effect. The effect can be improved at 20 ° C or higher. Note: When using on small plants, it is necessary to strictly control the concentration concentration when the concentration is higher than 2000 times.
(three) fungicide
1. Organic sulfur. Most of these pesticides are decomposed by acid or alkaline liquids such as Daisen or Fumei. Mostly a broad-spectrum fungicide. Commonly used are mancozeb, mancozeb, and thiram.
(l) Mancozeb: low toxicity, acid and alkali will decompose and prevent the anthrax, early epidemic, leaf spot and other diseases. Note: Do not mix with copper and alkaline preparations to prevent moisture.
(2) Fumeishuang: moderate toxicity can prevent white rot, anthrax, early epidemic, standing and falling down.
2. Substituting benzenes.
(1) 70% methyl thiophanate: the original name of thiophanate-methyl toxic low-spectrum bactericide used at a concentration of 500-1000ppm can not be mixed with copper preparations.
(2) Phytophthora: also known as Redolmir, metalaxyl and other low toxicity and systemic. It can be used as a soil treatment for rot-like pathogens. Note: Resistant bacteria should be used in combination with other fungicides such as Familia for rainy seasons.
(3) chlorothalonil: low toxicity, no systemic effect has a preventive effect on fungal diseases. When the pathogen enters the plant body, the bactericidal effect is small, no systemic and conduction. Therefore, spray the spray more than before the onset of the disease. The long residual period and strong adhesion leave white powder marks on the plants, so they are less used indoors.
3. Ethylene heterocycles. Commonly used in this category are triazole copper (pustrin), carbendazim and the like.
(1) Triazole copper (Purple Rust): low toxicity, special odor, high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue, long-lasting effect, long-term internal absorption, strong rust prevention, powdery mildew, special effects can be mixed with insecticides, fungicides, herbicides.
(2) Carbendazim: Low-toxicity broad-spectrum fungicides have preventive effects on stand-up, stem rot, root rot, sclerotia, brown spot, anthrax, and white powder.
Note: Do not mix with copper preparations for other use.
4. Sulfur: It can cure powdery mildew, rust, etc., and then shake it up and use it again.
(4) nematicides
The nematode is an individual tiny plant parasite whose symptoms are more like symptoms of germs than normal insects. The general insecticide has little effect on it. Commonly used nematicides are Kexian Dan and so on.
Kexian Dan: Highly toxic nematicide, insecticide is a non-fumigation organophosphorus contact insecticide decomposed under alkaline conditions. The amount of residue is small.
(5) Herbicides
Herbicide-selective herbicides and broad-spectrum herbicides can be used to kill all plants, including woody plants and other plants, at a certain concentration; selective herbicides can be selected according to their herbicide range. It is also divided into dicotyledonous herbicides, monocotyledonous herbicides and even herbicides of a single plant. The following are commonly used.
(1) 24-D: Full name 24 drop of butase is a phenoxyacetic acid hydrocarbon-type selective herbicide for dicotyledonous weeds such as alfalfa in the grass of monocotyledonous plants. Spray with about 72 times 72% 24-D EC and dissolve it with a small amount of alcohol before diluting with water. Note: The 24-D that is volatilized will cause damage to monocotyledonous plants by causing excessive damage to nearby dicots.
(2) Simazine: A herbicide for selective systemic soiling is used to kill annual monocotyledonous weeds in perennial plants. There are two kinds of powders and suspending agents as described. Note: The simazine remnant period is particularly long and should not be used for fast-growing flower buds. Excessive simazine can also cause damage to perennial plants.
(3) gram trace: the alias paraquat is hydrolyzed by alkali. Moderately toxic. It is a quick-acting contact-killing herbicide but only causes phytotoxicity to the green part of the contact. In the case of soil failure, new weeds will be born sooner after use. Use according to the instructions. Note: Gram has a killing effect on all plants.
(4) Glyphosate: The aliases are Nongda, Zhencao Ning and so on. Low toxicity. It is a systemic broad-spectrum herbicide for internal absorption. It is highly lethal to perennial deep-rooted weeds. Note: Different concentrations of glyphosate have different killing power on grass. High concentration will cause serious damage to all plants. When using, the spray should be prevented from drifting to nearby plants.
(6) Plant hormones
Plant hormones have a great influence on the growth of plants. Different plant hormones have different regulating effects on plants, which can make plants grow taller or dwarf in advance or delay flowering; release plant dormancy: promote plant rooting and so on. Proper use of plant hormones allows for free control of plant growth. However, due to the strict concentration of phytohormone use and use time, a slight accident will cause the opposite effect. Therefore, the use of hormones is not recommended when it is unnecessary or unskilled. The commonly used plant hormones are as follows.
(1) The use of B9 for plant growth inhibition can be used as plant dwarfing, root promoting, and the like.
(2) Paclobutrazol alias PP333, chlorobutyrazole make plants short, promote tillering and so on.
(3) Gibberellin alias 902, GA broad-spectrum plant growth regulator is an antagonist of growth inhibitors such as gi, paclobutrazol and chlormequat. It can promote the growth of plants, relieve plant dormancy, and regulate flowering time.
(4) The effect of chlormequat is similar to that of paclobutrazol.
(5) Different concentrations of naphthalene acetate have different effects on different parts of plants, which can promote roots, promote buds, promote stems and the like. In addition, 24-D for weeding is also a hormone.
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