High yield and cultivation techniques are closely related. In order to ensure the smooth development of wheat high-yield creation activities, the Shuyang County Agriculture Bureau has combined the years of experience in wheat seed management to develop the following high-yield cultivation techniques for wheat.
First, choose good seeds. In recent years, we have selected wheat varieties that have outstanding performance in Shuyang County, high yield and lodging resistance, strong resistance to stress, and generally have a yield of more than one kilogram per mu and have potential for increasing production. To use a purified and rejuvenated seed, it is best to use the original species to ensure purity. It is necessary to build a scale of production in a thousand mu of land and 10,000 mu, and lay the foundation for unified machine collection, unified acquisition and improvement of quality.
Second, improve the quality of the seeding. Agricultural science and technology personnel do a good job in supporting the application of seeding technology to ensure the safety of strong seedlings over the winter, is the basis for the implementation of standardized management.
1. High standard fine land preparation. The standard of fine land preparation is “deep, clean, fine, real and flatâ€. It is necessary to vigorously promote the deep tillage of the machine, the depth of 7 to 8 inches, and the breaking of the bottom of the plow, especially the corn field returned to the field, must be deeply buried. After the machine is ploughed, the machine is smashed, fine, sturdy and sturdy, eliminating the dark and dark, picking up the roots, smashing the bottom, and smoothing the sputum, creating a good soil environment for wheat growth.
2. Scientific balance of fertilization. The principle is to re-apply organic fertilizer, stabilize nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, supplement potassium fertilizer, apply micro-fertilizer, and promote the application of balanced fertilization technology. It is required to apply more than 5 cubic meters of organic fertilizer per mu, 40-50 kg of formula fertilizer or 15-20 kg of urea, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 8-10 kg of potassium chloride and 1 kg of multi-micro-fertilizer. Nitrogen, potassium and micro-fertilizers should be applied with the plow, and the phosphate fertilizer should be applied shallowly before the plow to improve fertilizer efficiency and utilization. Corn stalks should be returned to the field as much as possible.
3. Make sure that the foot is planted. The high-yield demonstration area in Puyang County is loam, and the water content of the 0~20 cm soil layer is not less than 18% when planted. If the above indicators are not reached, it is necessary to pour the bottom water or the drowning water according to the production conditions, so as to facilitate the realization of the whole seedling.
4. Appropriate amount of sowing. It is necessary to determine the sowing date and the sowing amount according to the characteristics of the variety, which is the key to breeding the strong seedlings before winter. In Shuyang County, the suitable period is from October 5 to 10, and the general acreage is 6-8 kg.
5. Do a good job in seed treatment. The seeds are sown for 1 to 2 days before sowing to increase the germination rate and germination potential; the seed coating technology and the mixed seed dressing technology of insecticide and fungicide are mainly promoted to prevent underground pests, promote seedling growth and prevent seedling diseases. When using 2.5 g of 10 grams of water, 250 grams of water, mixed with 10 kg of wheat, can effectively prevent wheat black embryo disease, sheath blight, should be promoted and applied.
Third, the scientific operation of fertilizer and water. 1. Management before the winter to promote the main, to achieve strong wintering. After emergence, the wheat field with the lack of seedlings and ridges should be replanted with the seeds of the same variety in time; the water should be poured in time according to the soil moisture; the cultivating should be strengthened, and the cultivating should be carried out 1-2 times before winter, which is more prosperous and more biased. Large wheat fields should be ploughed 2 to 3 inches in depth; from late November to early December, according to the soil moisture, the wintering water should be poured, the water should be poured finely, and the water should not be flooded, so that the spring and winter are resistant and the seedlings are guaranteed. Safe wintering.
2. The management of the greening period is mainly controlled, and the stable growth of the wheat seedlings is realized. Under the premise of strong seedlings overwintering, it is necessary to change the habit of large-scale water management in the greening period. If the soil is dry, only water is not fertilized; if the soil is better, only cultivating, no fertilizer and watering, to inhibit the growth of spring sorghum, to achieve stable growth; the growing field, the large population of wheat, before the rise of each acre with strong Fengan 40 ml or 15% paclobutrazol 50 g sprayed on water 50 kg to prevent late lodging of wheat.
3. From the jointing to the earing management to promote the main, to achieve strong stalks and large ears. After the nitrogen fertilizer is moved backward, the topdressing fertilizer is changed to the topdressing fertilizer in the late stage of jointing, and the high-yield and high-quality is sought. The amount of topdressing can be appropriately increased. In the middle and late stages of jointing, 15 kg of urea was applied to the soil, and then water was poured.
4. Post management. In the later stage of wheat, the grouting water should be poured. The grouting water should be sooner rather than later. Usually, the grouting water is poured after the heading and flowering to ensure the wheat grouting, careful pouring or no pouring of wheat yellow water.
5. Do a good job of foliar spray fertilizer, anti-aging and weight gain. 15 to 20 days after the flowering, 1 to 2 foliar sprays are applied, and 1 kg of urea plus 200 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre is sprayed with 50 kg of water to increase the number of kernels and increase the 1000-grain weight.
Fourth, timely control of pests and diseases. In the plot where the spring sheath blight occurs, the acre is sprayed with 12.5% ​​of the fruit and 15 to 20 grams of water and 30 kilograms of water. Timely prevention and control of powdery mildew, rust, scab, aphids and other pests and diseases, time should be sooner rather than later, in order to improve control.
Fifth, harvest at the right time. High-yield wheat should be harvested at the end of waxing. After the harvest is late, it is easy to cause the U-turn to fall or the rain, and the grain weight, grain color, yield and quality are degraded. Promote the machine harvest, combine harvester harvest to prevent mechanical mixing, and achieve the return of the particles.
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